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Announcements: Movie on Monday check on-line seminar on Sunday night to help you focus Moral development from the perspective of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Gilligan: Main point of today's lecture: In science, the answers you get depend on the questions you ask. The questions you ask depend upon your paradigm. Piaget fundamental premises stages moral development Kohlberg accepted Piaget's model of cognitive development, but rejected Piaget's moral relativism rejected 'bag of virtues' based judgments of moral development on: Piagetian principles of cognition Philosophy Kantian 'practical imperative' Platonic justice "Morality is neither the internalization of established cultural values nor the unfolding of spontaneous impulses and emotions; it is justice, the reciprocity between the individual and others in the social environment." stages Criteria for judging moral development: choice: should be based on the more just one course of action hierarchy: People are treated as ends, not means intrinsicalness: intrinsic moral worth and respect for people prescriptivity: include responsibility and obligation universality: moral judgments not influenced by who you are or the circumstances freedom: you can make moral judgments without appealing to authority mutual respect: all persons treated with respect reversibility: think about morality all points of view constructivism: should go beyond rules to construct a principled moral position Gilligan (In A Different Voice) qualitative difference in the voices of men and women reflected in justice orientation v. care orientation specifically seen in Conventional Level Stage 3: care Stage 4: justice Rights: reflect separation and individuation are delimited Care: reflects interconnectedness is unlimited Measurement reflects ideas