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Eder: Cheerleaders as both popular and hated Teasing is an 'ambiguous social exchange' whose meaning is determined by social context Functions: enforce social norms (predominantly girls) determine social status (predominantly boys) Sex difference in the functioning of male and female groups with regards to teasing: When the victim gets upset, girls back off, boys intensify New research suggests that bullying increaeses when peer groups are re-establishing themselves after a school transition similar to Savin-Williams' work in summer camps Victimization (bullying) is not ambiguous one distinguishing characteristic is that the victim is upset, but the victimizer is not Statistics: Adolescents more likely to be victims than adults Most likely site for victimization is at school

Who bullies? 80% of middle school students engage in some bullying Are bullies victims? Characteristics of chronic bullies: low empathy, antisocial Who gets bullied? 80-90% say they are victimized What do kids believe? Most kids believe the victim is at least partly to blame 'wimps', 'nerds', 'afraid to fight back' bullying teaches kids to behave properly being victimized toughens kids asking for help from teachers is useless they won't help it will make things worse only 24% believe that it's none of their business if another child is bullied Active engagement by teachers help